标题: 《THE CONTINENTAL TAROTS》 [打印本页] 作者: 飛翔朱雀 时间: 2009-3-2 12:32 标题: 《THE CONTINENTAL TAROTS》 by Christine Payne-Towler
In the essay titled "The Major Arcana" I empha
size that "something happened" to the Tarot in
the late 1600s, when a new trend emerged in the
images of the Major Arcana. I point to the
Marseilles family of decks and the Etteilla Tarots to illustrate my point. The images shown by Antoine Court de Gebelin in his book Le Monde Primitif further validates this idea. The remainder of this essay is about exploring "what happened."
Let's review the situation
of Tarot in the first half of
the 1600s. Since the early
1400s, both handmade
and woodblock Tarots
showed a remarkable constancy of internal structure even though some packs were either edited or expanded to meet the needs of the various games for which they were created. Tarot appeared in 72-card form in Italy around 1450, although this model may represents "splice" between preexisting symbol sets: the twenty-two Hebrew alphabet-keyed set called the Major Arcana, and the Turkish Mamluk cards of unknown provenance, a 15th century version of which can be seen in Volume 2 of Stuart Kaplan's Encyclopedia of Tarot (see essay on the Minor Arcana).
Kaplan also explains that the numerical order the Arcana appear in now is carried over from the French pack by Catelin Geofroy, published in 1557 (Vol. 1, p. 65). Some earlier fragmentary Tarots show Roman numerals on some of their Major Arcana, but not all of them, and not in the order we are now familiar with. Those very old woodblock decks tend instead to follow the list enumerated in a sermon written by an Italian friar in the late 15th century (see illustration opposite page 1 in Volume 1 of Kaplan's Ency-clopedia of Tarot). There is also another order derived from the Charles VI pack that keeps Temperence, Fortitude and Justice together in a group. A very small minority of Tarots follow this order, including Etteilla’s Tarots.
Many of the earliest decks did not show either Roman or Arabic numerals, titles or astrology sigils. Some of the images do, however, utilize traditional scenes and characters from the signs of the zodiac, the personae of the planets and other traditional mythic themes familiar to the culture of the times.
A look at these oldest packs reveals images from the persecuted Cathar movement as well as Hebrew, Greek and Gypsy occult symbolism. The vehemence with which the Church at-tacked the cards and their makers only reinforces the evidence that Tarot was the repository of heretical wisdom pre-served in imagery. Close study of the excellent book called Tarot Sym-bolism by Robert O’Neil exposes the falsity of the belief that there were no esoteric associations with Tarot imagery before Eliphas Levi.